Pathophysiology and Pharmacotherapeutics Review Writing – Medical Science Assignment Help

Assignment Help

Task

What will you study in Module ?

• In this module, you will learn?about changes to cells and tissues which affect the individual. You will also learn about?other factors which influence health?outcomes?and you will explore elements of health outcomes for Indigenous Australians.? These concepts will apply to all the systems that we will address in our study of pathophysiology. ? 
• In this module you will learn about pharmacokinetics (the way the body affects drugs) and pharmacodynamics (the way drugs affect the body). You will also learn about drug interactions, polypharmacy, drugs and vulnerable populations, and where to find the best information about drugs in Australia. This is essential supporting knowledge for your work in NUR241 Safety and Quality in Medication Management.
• An important part of your journey to be a nurse?is to continue growing your bioscientific language. Health professionals?use a discipline specific language for accurate communication. ?As you journey through these pathophysiology units, ensure you check the meanings of words?with which?you may be unfamiliar.  Accurate use of discipline specific language directly related to one of the intended learning outcomes for this unit and will be a part of your assessment. Throughout this module, you will see Discipline Specific Language as a cue that these are important words which you are expected to use accurately.
• This module runs over the first week of this unit. To maximise your learning, you should aim to systematically work through each of the learning activities which include:

A variety of interactive on-screen learning activities

1. Readings
2. Virtual tutorial

Learning outcomes:

Principles of pathophysiology:

• Explain how alterations of core principles of physiology are the basis of pathophysiological processes
• Describe the four types of cellular adaptations and their consequences?? 
• Describe the process of cell injury and its local and systematic consequences
• Discuss the major factors contributing to health and illness?and identify various biomedical and behavioural factors that influence a person’s health? 

Pharmacotherapeutics:

• Define pharmacotherapeutics, drugs and their use in health care.
• Define pharmacokinetics and outline its phases: absorption, distribution, metabolism & excretion.
• Define the bioavailability of a drug and describe the factors that can affect the degree of its bioavailability.
• Define pharmacodynamics.
• Explain the components of pharmacodynamics: receptors (agonists and antagonists), transporters, therapeutic effect, toxicity.
• Explain the nature of enzyme induction & inhibition.
• Describe the nature of drug interactions.
• Describe factors which affect dosing regimen.
• Describe the considerations of polypharmacy in elderly people, clients with comorbidities and other vulnerable populations
• Describe relevant factors influencing drug-therapy in children and young adults, pregnant women, older individuals and Indigenous people.  
• Demonstrate use of appropriate resources for drug information – e.g. AMH & Therapeutic guidelines, Don’t Rush to Crush.

 
Words you will encounter regularly in your study are:

• Pathophysiology
• Aetiology
• Pathogenesis
• Clinical manifestations
• Epidemiology

These words are used regularly in clinical practice. You need to know what they mean.

• Atrophy
• Hypertrophy
• Hyperplasia
• Metaplasia
• Dysplasia
   

This list is a summary of what you have just read, identifying all the causes of cell injury. 

1. Injury from physical agents

1. Mechanical forces
2. Extremes of temperature
3. Electrical injuries

2. Radiation injury

1. Lonising radiation
2. Ultraviolet radiation
3. Non-ionising radiation

3. Chemical injury

1. Drugs
2. Lead toxicity (you can skip this one if you want)
3. Mercury toxicity (you can skip this one if you want)

4. Injury from biologic agents

5. Injury from nutritional imbalances

Check that you understand the meaning of these words so that you can use them confidently in your academic writing.

• Vasodilation and vasoconstriction
• Cytokine
• Sensory receptor
• Capillary permeability
• Leukocyte
• Neutrophil
• Neutropaenia

What is your experience with acute and chronic conditions?

Without divulging any private details, please share your own experience or that of someone you know by posting your answer on the discussion board – see the thread called Principles of Pathophysiology. Try to answer from the perspective of what you have learnt in this module on Principles of Pathophysiology. 

Use the list of questions below to help guide your response to bring your own experience into the differences between acute and chronic conditions and pain. 

Please keep all information de-identified and confidential. 

• Have you or anyone around you experienced an acute illness or health event?  
• How rapid was the onset of symptoms?  
• How long did your recovery take?  
• Was your recovery complete?or did the acute illness translate?to a chronic illness?? 
• Do you know someone with a chronic illness?  
• How long have they lived with the condition?  
• How often do they experience exacerbations?  
• Do the exacerbations worsen each time?  
• How does the illness impact their life??  

Q. What is clinical pharmacokinetics? 

Q. What is a pro-drug?

Q. What are the routes of excretion?

Q. Define Pharmacodynamics.

Q. What is polypharmacy?
 

Define:

• Pathophysiology
• Aetiology
• Pathogenesis
• Clinical manifestations
• Epidemiology