Assignment Task
Laboratory Assignment
This assignment is worth 40% of your total course marks.
Student Name: [Write your full name]
Student ID: [Write your student number]
Lab Group: [write your lab group]
Lab Sessions Dates: [Write the three dates you completed your lab sessions]
Full marks of this assignment 100.
It has Three sections:
Section A – Radiobiology & Protection 40 marks
Section B – Digital Image Processing I 30 marks
Section C – Digital Image Processing II 30 marks
Type your answers below the questions. There is no word limit unless indicated. If some standard constants (such as half-life, decay constant, working formula etc) are not given, you need to find out from the reliable sources/references. Cite these sources/references in the text and list in the reference section at the end of the assignment. If any calculations required, you need to show detail calculation.
SECTION A: RADIOBIOLOGY & PROTECTION
1. Define the standard units of radioactivity. How is this unit related with the old unit of radioactivity? Convert 9GBq into Curies and 340 ?Ci into kBq. [5 marks]
Answer:
2. Why do you need to know the half lives of radioisotopes? Can the half-life of a radioisotope be changed? Give five examples of radioisotopes indicating their half-lives and clinical use. [5 marks]
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3. What are the factors that absorbed dose, equivalent dose and effective dose depend on? Explain with examples. [5 marks]
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4. What are the three basic protective measures in radiation safety? Explain with examples. [5 marks]
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5. What is meant by half value layer? How can you experimentally determine the half-value layer of a given radioisotope? Explain in detail. [10 marks]
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6. How would you experimentally determine the effectiveness of (a) lead, (b) concrete, (c) steel, (d) aluminium, and (e) wood, as shielding material for Tc-99m? Write in detail for your reader to be able to do the experiment by following your description. [10 marks]
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SECTION B: DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING I
7. What are differences between spatial resolution and brightness resolution in a digital image? How would you determine these for a given image? Write in detail. [5 marks]
Answer:
8. A basic diagnostic imaging cycle is given below. Explain the importance of digital image processing in terms of each step of the imaging cycle. [10 marks]
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9. Suppose you open the following image using ImageJ.
What are the uses of this type of test pattern? Explain how can you get spatial and contrast information from this image? How can you increase contrast and brightness of an image? Give details. [10 marks]
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10. What is an image histogram? How can you change image contrast and brightness by histogram manipulation? Give details. [5 marks]
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SECTION C: DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING II
11. What are the uses of low pass filters and high pass filters in digital image processing? Give examples. Select an image from your DIP image folder. Apply a low pass filter and a high pass filter on that image using ImageJ. Copy the images from your ImageJ screen and Paste here (i) the original image, (ii) image after low pass filter applied, and (iii) image after high pass filter applied. Describe what are the effects of filters on the images. [10 marks]
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12. The image-2 below is the result of an angular rotation of image-1.
Image-1
Image-2
Explain how the new pixel locations are determined in this type of image rotation? [5 marks]
Answer:
13. Describe the properties and applications of the following filters in frequency domain:
(a) low pass, (b) high pass, (c) band pass, & (d) band reject. [8 marks]
Answer:
14. Using the ‘image calculator’ in ImageJ, subtract image ‘bone_n1.jpg’ from image ‘bone_n2.jpg’ (images are available in your DIP image folder). Copy and paste the original images and the result image here. From the result image measure the following: [7 marks]
(i) Area of the whole image
(ii) mean pixel value of the whole image
(iii) Minimum pixel value of the whole image
(iv) maximum pixel value of the whole image.
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